He nui nā kīnā ma ka lole greige i loaʻa kekahi mau lula, a he maʻalahi ke loaʻa ke kumu o nā kīnā e like me nā lula. ʻO nā ʻano maopopo o nā kīnā kū pololei a me ka pae ma ka lole greige e hāʻawi i kahi ala wikiwiki e loaʻa ai ke kumu o nā kīnā.

ʻO ke kīnā kū pololei i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka lole hina ma ke kūlana paʻa ākea, inā he nila nalowale ka hemahema, he nila hoʻohālike, he nila ʻaila, he nila lahilahi a he puka paha, ua hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kiko paʻa ākea ma ka mīkini e wili pū ana me ka lole hina. E like me nā nila ulana, nā cylinder nila, nā jersey hoʻokahi a me nā mea hoʻopololei.

Wahi a ke ʻano o ke kīnā, e nānā inā paʻa ke kūlana o kēia mau ʻāpana ma ke kūlana kūpono o ke kīnā, ʻo ia hoʻi: inā he kekee ke alelo nila, inā e wili mālie ke alelo nila; inā he kekee ka ʻāʻī o ka mea hoʻokahe a he mau ʻūlū paha, ma ke awāwa hoʻokahe Inā he manuahi ka neʻe ʻana, inā he mau pua lele ma ke awāwa; inā he deformation a lauoho paha ma ka waha o ka nila cylinder, inā he manuahi ka neʻe ʻana ma ke awāwa nila o ka nila ulana.

ʻO ke kīnā ʻaoʻao

ʻO ke kīnā pae i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka lole hina ma kahi kūlana kū pololei paʻa, inā he nila nalowale ka hemahema, he nila pua a he lua paha, ʻo ke kumu o ka hemahema ʻaʻole ia e neʻe me ka ulana, a pono e pili i kahi ala o nā mea.

hoʻonā

ʻO ka mea mua, e ʻimi i kekahi olonā e hōʻailona ai a hoʻoholo i nā mea i kū ʻole i ka neʻe ʻana o ka ulana. ʻO nā mea i kū ʻole i ka neʻe ʻana o ka ulana, ʻo ia ke alakaʻi olonā, ke kāmela ulana (me ka mea hoʻopaʻa), ka olonā i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ulana ʻana, a inā paha ua ʻaʻahu ʻia ka lua alakaʻi a ʻaʻole paha; Inā paha ua wehe ʻia ke kāmela, inā pololei ke kūlana o ke kui; inā paha e lele ana ke kaula olonā, inā paha e kūlike me nā ala ʻē aʻe, a inā paha e kū pono ana ka ikaika i nā koi.